remove the need for excessive CO2 and methane emissions.The best amelioration of global warming will come from technologies to remove the need for excessive CO2 and methane emissions. Many of these are already in use, and many more are under development. I predict that the real impact of such measures will take another 40 years to hit, and another 50 years after that before the world stops warming further.
You still seem to think that stopping emissions will return the planet to pre-industrial or even stop the warming...it won't.
It will reduce the extent of te warming some multiple decades beyond the stop point as the climate settles to a new balance.
It is unsolvable with current technologies without geo-engineering. Why would you propose a space based albedo control when planetary are much cheaper and achievable.
http://www.impactlab.net/2009/08/07/clo ... te-change/
http://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/knowledg ... te-change/Since air-water and water-air interfaces are equally refractive, cloud droplets and microbubbles dispersed in bodies of water reflect sunlight in much the same way. The lifetime of sunlight-reflecting microbubbles, and hence the scale on which they may be applied, depends on Stokes Law and the influence of ambient or added surfactants. Small bubbles backscatter light more efficiently than large ones, opening the possibility of using highly dilute micron-radius hydrosols to substantially brighten surface waters. Such microbubbles can noticeably increase water surface reflectivity, even at volume fractions of parts per million and such loadings can be created at an energy cost as low as J m-2 to initiate and milliwatts m-2 to sustain. Increasing water albedo in this way can reduce solar energy absorption by as much as 100 W m-2, potentially reducing equilibrium temperatures of standing water bodies by several Kelvins. While aerosols injected into the stratosphere tend to alter climate globally, hydrosols can be used to modulate surface albedo, locally and reversibly, without risk of degrading the ozone layer or altering the color of the sky. The low energy cost of microbubbles suggests a new approach to solar radiation management in water conservation and geoengineering: Don’t dim the Sun; Brighten the water.
The issue is the ditzheads floating about as well evidenced here that are denying the problem and the risk that every science body of note has stated clearly confronts us.
The AGU notably
The AGU is multi-disciplinary and international in scopeAGU Position Statement
Human Impacts on Climate
Adopted by Council December 2003
Revised and Reaffirmed December 2007
The Earth's climate is now clearly out of balance and is warming. Many components of the climate system—including the temperatures of the atmosphere, land and ocean, the extent of sea ice and mountain glaciers, the sea level, the distribution of precipitation, and the length of seasons—are now changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century. Global average surface temperatures increased on average by about 0.6°C over the period 1956–2006. As of 2006, eleven of the previous twelve years were warmer than any others since 1850. The observed rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice is expected to continue and lead to the disappearance of summertime ice within this century. Evidence from most oceans and all continents except Antarctica shows warming attributable to human activities. Recent changes in many physical and biological systems are linked with this regional climate change. A sustained research effort, involving many AGU members and summarized in the 2007 assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, continues to improve our scientific understanding of the climate.
During recent millennia of relatively stable climate, civilization became established and populations have grown rapidly. In the next 50 years, even the lower limit of impending climate change—an additional global mean warming of 1°C above the last decade—is far beyond the range of climate variability experienced during the past thousand years and poses global problems in planning for and adapting to it. Warming greater than 2°C above 19th century levels is projected to be disruptive, reducing global agricultural productivity, causing widespread loss of biodiversity, and—if sustained over centuries—melting much of the Greenland ice sheet with ensuing rise in sea level of several meters. If this 2°C warming is to be avoided, then our net annual emissions of CO2 must be reduced by more than 50 percent within this century. With such projections, there are many sources of scientific uncertainty, but none are known that could make the impact of climate change inconsequential. Given the uncertainty in climate projections, there can be surprises that may cause more dramatic disruptions than anticipated from the most probable model projections.
With climate change, as with ozone depletion, the human footprint on Earth is apparent. The cause of disruptive climate change, unlike ozone depletion, is tied to energy use and runs through modern society. Solutions will necessarily involve all aspects of society. Mitigation strategies and adaptation responses will call for collaborations across science, technology, industry, and government. Members of the AGU, as part of the scientific community, collectively have special responsibilities: to pursue research needed to understand it; to educate the public on the causes, risks, and hazards; and to communicate clearly and objectively with those who can implement policies to shape future climate.
The American Geophysical Union (or AGU) is a nonprofit organization of geophysicists, consisting of over 61,000 members from over 146 countries. AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international field of geophysics. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences.
They have a serious concern along with dozens of other national science bodiesThe AGU is divided into 11 sections that provide the main structure for managing volunteers, developing leaders and honoring scientists. These sections also reflect the breadth of science within geophysics:[8]
* Atmospheric sciences
* Biogeosciences
* Geodesy
* Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism
* Hydrology
* Ocean sciences
* Planetary sciences
* Seismology
* Space physics and aeronomy
* Tectonophysics
* Volcanology, geochemistry, and petrology
There are also 12 focus groups that organize research involving two or more sections. These are[8]
* Atmospheric and space electricity
* Cryosphere sciences
* Earth and planetary surface processes
* Earth and space science informatics
* Mineral and rock physics
* Global environmental change
* Natural hazards
* Near surface geophysics
* Nonlinear geophysics
* Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology
* Study of the Earth's deep interior
* Societal impacts and policy sciences
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific ... ate_change
So it's not speculation and it's in your court to show evidence that C02 emissions will be controlled to stay under 4 degrees.they are not even trending in that direction..there is just about zero chance of that no save perhaps an outbreak of volcanism or nuclear winter and the latter would be AGC on a big scale.Statements by dissenting organizations
Since 2007, when the American Association of Petroleum Geologists released a revised statement,[105] no scientific body of national or international standing rejects the findings of human-induced effects on climate change.[10][11]
Your speculation base is that
a) the emissions will be controlled ( that window is closing rapidly ) - little or no evidence for that
b) some technology will emerge to deal with it......now THAT is pure spec.
There has been NO drop in C02 emissions other than a brief one caused the 2008 economic crisis.
That hardly constitutes a trend or evidence there will be one. Formidable pollyanna.