Faithfree wrote:Schrodinger's insurance policyGawdzilla wrote:The policies I've had specify that no premiums will be required if I'm missing and MIGHT be dead.

Anyway, I think the determining factor is the circumstances under which the person goes missing, and do those circumstance give rise to a probability that a) the disappearance was not intentional; and b) the circumstances reasonably indicate that death is likely.
Someone walking away from their home after an argument leaves open the substantial likelihood that they have just gone somewhere else, whereas an aircraft full of people disappearing during a scheduled overseas flight, or a hiker on a solo hike who told people where he was going and when he would be back who cannot be found after a careful search gives rise to a rational conclusion that something inadvertent and fatal has happened. Of course, the amount of time before a person can be declared dead is highly variable, and it's not always "seven years." Someone who goes missing over the Bearing Sea is less likely to survive long, even if they have life rafts, than someone who goes missing in tropical climes.
But people have been known to survive amazingly long even in harsh climates, if they have survival skills and the will to survive, so it's likely to be more like months or years than weeks before someone can be declared dead.