It's worth pointing out--and they do--that while they don't find any evidence of an increase in the number of people who believe in certain theories, the "baseline" itself is alarming. For example, one poll used as a starting point to measure growth found that about 30% of Americans believed covid was intentionally released. That's incredible.Abstract
The public is convinced that beliefs in conspiracy theories are increasing, and many scholars, journalists, and policymakers agree. Given the associations between conspiracy theories and many non-normative tendencies, lawmakers have called for policies to address these increases. However, little evidence has been provided to demonstrate that beliefs in conspiracy theories have, in fact, increased over time. We address this evidentiary gap. Study 1 investigates change in the proportion of Americans believing 46 conspiracy theories; our observations in some instances span half a century. Study 2 examines change in the proportion of individuals across six European countries believing six conspiracy theories. Study 3 traces beliefs about which groups are conspiring against “us,” while Study 4 tracks generalized conspiracy thinking in the U.S. from 2012 to 2021. In no instance do we observe systematic evidence for an increase in conspiracism, however operationalized. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of our findings.
Of course they note the difficulty of measuring an increase in conspiratorial thinking by having guys in lab coats poll potential conspiratorial thinkers.
