Paper on Indo-European homeland.

[Tero]

Fails to show a map.
https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2025 ... -research/

The Volga runs out into the Caspian. The Dnieper into the Black sea. I assume this is the same area, between the Caspian and Black seas where most people thought they were. The Caspian North end is more plains. Spreading toward kazakhstan.

[Tero]

By reconstructing these words, researchers were able to find the presence of multiple words in Proto-Indo-European that referred to wheeled vehicles — which Anthony said were invented around 3500 B.C.E.

The study also found that the Yamnaya people spread across the globe from various grasslands across Eurasia known as steppes.

This “homeland” of Indo-Europeans was “one of the most genetically and culturally complex places in Eurasia; it had many more genetic strains coming in and mixing than you would see in the Mediterranean or in Central Europe at the same time,” Anthony said.

Nick Patterson, a senior computational biologist in population genetics at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, noted that earlier studies by Anthony hinted at migration events to Europe from the steppe around 3000 BCE.

[Brian Peacock]

You looking for the Aryans Tero?

[Tero]

The Finns have loan words from indo-Europeans that are that old, 3000 years. They have the old word, not the modern European one. We had no need for the wheel, we were hunter gatherers along rivers about at Moscow, just North of it. They were at the other end of the Volga.

We then went down the other river to go West. They used horse and wagon.

We followed the Daugava to the Baltic.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daugava

[JimC]

I've read about this in various places. If the Yamnaya people were central to the spread of Indo-European languages, they were the opposite of the Nazi "Aryan" ideal, being formed by a genetic mixture from multiple early human groups...

[Tero]

The linguistic work is quite complicated. But since there are a number of Finnic tribes throughout Russia, the common words among them are the oldest. These have the Indo-European connections. Before they got to Europe.

[pErvinalia]

The Indonesian-Europeans are a strange lot.