Absolutely true, but here's the catch: They were able to do so because their military forces were the only ones with effective weaponry.Hermit wrote:Furthermore, the issue of a well regulated militia is very much a two-edged sword. Horrible dictators like Lenin, Mao, Hitler, Castro and so on overthrew legitimate governments precisely because they had very well regulated militia at their disposal.
The very first thing every one of those you mention did, upon coming to power, was to disarm the general population and limit the possession of arms only to their hand-selected loyal militia/military, which brutally repressed all dissent and objection, usually by killing vast millions of people...all of whom were unarmed and therefore unable to resist their murder.
And that is exactly the threat that the Framers so wisely saw and defended against with the 2nd Amendment. The militia clause is usually misunderstood as meaning that the people are only entitled to arms if they are members of the militia, but this is not the case. A "well-regulated militia" in the Framer's contemporary understanding meant "properly trained, equipped and armed so as to be effective immediately as a useful military force when called to duty" but has nothing to do with the command and control of the militia when on duty. This is proven by the various pre-revolutionary colonial ordinances that required all able-bodied men to keep and bear particular arms and equipment as specified in the ordinance. This included not only the requirement that they possess a musket, but also specified amounts of power and bullets, along with rations and personal equipment such as a blanket. Members of the colonial militias regularly met, usually after Sunday church services, to be inspected by their militia commanders (usually chosen by themselves) to make sure they were properly equipped. Drill and training would often follow.
Militia members were not just expected, but commanded to appear for drill or duty with their own arms and ammunition. The purpose of course being that the urgency of need does not admit keeping the reserve (unorganized) militia disarmed because both the cost and difficulty of obtaining, storing and distributing arms to the militia members both for drill and for duty would render the militia largely useless because the emergency (Indian attack, civil unrest, invasion, etc.) would be either over or the government would lose the military advantage of having a fully-armed and equipped militia available to be called up at a moment's notice, which could mean disaster for the nation.
The second clause, "The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed" does not state that the only reason people need or may possess arms is for militia duty. The militia is not mentioned in that clause. The clause refers to "the people," which means the entire body of the people, without limitation, and the reason their right to keep and bear arms was protected, with respect to the need for a "well regulated militia" and the "security of a free state" was so that every militia force in the country would always have access to sufficient arms and ammunition at a moment's notice, which might be appropriated from those not part of the unorganized militia in accordance with the Constitution.
One of the principle threats recognized by the Framers in drafting the amendment was the threat they had just finished defeating, at the cost of many lives, which is the threat of a despotic tyrant taking power and, as his first act (as is always the case), seizing the arms of the common people in order to quell effective rebellion.
The Framers wisely decided that they could not predict the future and could not know what events might take place to allow a despot to take control of the nation, but they knew it could happen, and had happened to them, so they acted to constrain the federal government and forbid it from ever disarming the people in order to thwart the intentions of any tyrant who might attempt to do so.
That is why the second clause says "the right of the people..." and not "the right of the militia..." or "the right of the state..."
The Framers knew perfectly well that an armed populace would ALWAYS outnumber any militia or standing army, and that so long as the people were in possession of arms suitable for military use no standing army of a tyrant or rogue militia unit could take over the nation and oppress the people because the vast majority of the populace would always be able to fight back and overwhelm any such attempt at need.
180 million people with 300 million guns equals 300 million people, each with one gun, which is the world's most formidable military force, and always will be. Our standing army consists of fewer than 2 million soldiers under arms. And even the Reserves and the local and state militias, which are unlikely to all band together to support a tyrant, don't begin to compare to ten, twenty, fifty or 300 million armed citizens determined to secure their freedom and liberty in the face of despotism and tyranny.